Got an infection and not sure what to do? Treatments depend on the cause—bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. This page gives straightforward options you’ll see in real life, how they work, and simple rules to follow so you get better without causing harm.
When bacteria cause the problem, doctors usually pick an antibiotic after looking at the likely bug and your health. Common families are penicillins (amoxicillin), cephalosporins (cephalexin), macrolides (azithromycin), and tetracyclines (doxycycline). For urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are often used. For skin infections, a short course of a targeted oral antibiotic plus proper wound care is typical.
Quick tips: don’t pressure for antibiotics for a cold (those are viral). If prescribed, finish the course unless your doctor tells you otherwise, and don’t save leftovers for later use.
Viruses respond to antivirals in specific cases: oseltamivir for influenza started early, acyclovir for shingles or severe herpes, and specialized regimens for HIV or hepatitis. Many mild viral infections improve on their own—rest, fluids, and symptom relief can be enough.
Fungal infections are treated with topical or oral antifungals. Athlete’s foot and yeast skin infections usually clear with topical azoles; deeper or systemic fungal infections need prescription oral drugs like fluconazole or echinocandins in serious cases.
Parasites need antiparasitic drugs. Albendazole and mebendazole treat many worm infections, while metronidazole treats protozoal infections like giardia. Cost and insurance can vary—ask your provider or pharmacist for options and generics.
How doctors decide: testing and safety
Good treatment starts with a good diagnosis. Tests like throat swabs, urine cultures, or blood work help pick the right drug and avoid unnecessary treatments. If you’re pregnant, have liver or kidney issues, or take other meds, tell your provider—these factors change drug choices and doses.
When to see a doctor now
Get urgent care if you have high fever, trouble breathing, severe pain, spreading redness or swelling, confusion, or if symptoms worsen despite home care. If you’re immunocompromised or have a central line or prosthetic device, don’t wait—some infections can escalate fast.
Prevention and practical habits
Vaccines prevent many infections—flu, pneumococcal vaccines, and others for specific risks. Simple steps matter: wash hands, keep wounds clean and covered, cook food properly, and avoid sharing personal items. Ask about vaccine updates and follow-up tests when starting long courses of medication.
Final note: ask questions
Before you leave the clinic or order meds, ask what the drug targets, how long to take it, side effects to watch for, and whether a test or follow-up is needed. That cuts confusion and helps you recover faster.
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